World Conference on Architecture and Civil Engineering

The future occurrence of earthquakes is unpredictable. The ceaseless increase in capacity of the buildings to meet the seismic demand is difficult and costlier. The base isolators give a way to reduce the capacity rather to increase the seismic demand exclusively for developing countries. This study evaluates the practical application and feasibility of Scrap Tyre Rubber Pad (STRP) bearings for real buildings. The investigation is made translucent with the aid of buildings situated in North-Eastern India which is prone to high seismic risk zone and falls under Seismic Zone V as per IS 1893:2016 code. The buildings considered for the analysis are three and five story RC framed buildings varying in its beam and column dimensions. The study reveals the authentic cost of the buildings with and without STRP bearings. Literally, the installation of base isolation system increases the cost of the construction (only in sub-structure). These STRP’s are obtained from used automobile tyres, are readily and easily available and the need for skilled laborers is not mandatory. The seismic response of the STRP bearings is satisfactory for medium rise buildings, preferably regular shaped buildings with heights not more than 19.8 m, as reported by researchers. Substantially, it is reported that though there is a moderate increase in cost with the implementation of STRP bearings for about 4% to 10% for low to medium rise buildings (3 storey and 5 storey buildings). This cost increase could be effectively counter-balanced by the utilization of hazardous tyre scraps as the base isolation element as each and every life is precious and it is our duty to protect our society from environmental and social distress.

Lateral loading due to the Wind Load is essential when designing the structural elements. Applying High Modulus Concrete (HMC) in structural members including Shear Wall and Column is the simplest way to enhance the building’s flexibility. This research aims to analyze the influence of Tall-Buildings while applying HMC on structural members. Furthermore, this study investigates the calculation of Roof Displacement (RD) using the Roof Displacement Equation (RDE) and compares the value of RD to the ETABS program. The method of the research follows this procedure, First, derived the Roof Displacement Equation (RDE) applying the Moment Area Method (M.A.M) which divided the structure into 2 sections including Lower Section (L1) and Upper Section (L2). Second, set up the Model in ETABS software. After that, determined the Flexural Rigidity of the building (EI). Then, determined the Wind Load by simplifying it as a Triangular Distributed Load (W) and studied the effect of applying HMC to structural members. Finally, varied the location and the amount of HMC in terms of height. The results showed that (1) applying HMC in structural members from the lower section (L1) of the structure was more effective than the upper section (L2) to control Roof Displacement (RD), (2) the overall average %Difference of RD calculation determined by RDE and ETABS was -0.82±2.74% and (3) applying ETABS along with RDE will help engineers design the building faster.

Air-Cooled Condenser (ACC) platform structures are the most complicated and principal structures in power plants and other industrial parts which need to condense the low-pressure steam in the cycle. Providing large spans for this structure has a great merit as there would be more space for other subordinate buildings and pertinent equipment. Moreover, applying methods to reduce overall cost of construction while maintaining its strength against severe seismic loading are of high significance. Tabular spatial trusses and composite frames have been widely used in recent years to satisfy the need of higher strength with reasonable price. In this research program, three different structural systems have been regarded for ACC steel platform using Special Concentrate Braced Frames (SCBF), which is the most common system (first scheme), modular spatial frames (second scheme) and finally a modified method applying Concrete Filled Steel Tabular (CFST) columns (third scheme). Finite element method using Sap2000 and Etabs software conducted to investigate the behavior of the structures and make a precise comparison between the models. According to the results, the total weight of steel structure in the second scheme decreases by 13% compared to the first scheme and applying CFST columns in the third scheme causes a 3% reduction in total weight of the structure in comparison with the second scheme while all the lateral displacements and P-M interaction ratios are in the admissible limit.

Asian cities, especially Seoul, showed a rapid industrialization and turn to post-industrial economy in XXI century. Taking into account a high density of people living in large cities, healthy lifestyle and health of citizens is important, and this, in particular, is related with the food consumption. This study is focused on consideration of convenient stores (that are especially numerous and widespread in such cities as Seoul and Tokyo) and views their role in urban environment. Methods of study include literature review and case studies regarding spatial distribution and accessibility of convenience stores in Seoul. Diagrams are made using QGIS software and Google street views. This study assumes that at the central districts of the city, at places nearby universities and schools, at pedestrian transit and public transport stations the accessibility of convenience stores is high and it creates convenience ‘lifestyle platform’ for customers. This study also describes the growing role of smart services in delivery and selling food in technology-oriented urban lifestyles of Asian cities that develops during pandemic and, likely, will develop further in future.

The subject of the study is architectural and planning solutions, taking into account the modern needs of young families in the aspect of sustainable development of the architecture of multifunctional residential complexes. The article presents social studies of a comprehensive solution of a multifunctional and architectural-planning model of a residential complex for young families, which takes into account the relationship of urban planning, space-planning and interior components of space organization. The research method is based on a systematic analysis of a questionnaire survey of young families living in multifunctional residential complexes in Moscow. Currently, according to the state program, there are subsidies and benefits for improving the living conditions of a young family. The main conclusions of the study reveal the modules of the living environment and the multifunctional interconnection of types of families and the types of apartments necessary for comfortable living. The results of the study are the concept of development of design of multifunctional residential complexes based on 5 design principles: optimization of design solutions, variability of shaping, social adaptation, transformation of space, involvement of young families.

The two-part alkali-activated materials (AAMs) has been widely used as an alternative to Portland cement. This product could emit lesser carbon dioxide by utilizing industrial waste products to make this cement binder technology greener and sustainable. One-part AAMs system was introduced in recent years to overcome the two-part system's shortcomings. This technology, renowned for its ‘just add water' concept, was easier and more practical to apply at construction sites. This study was carried out to evaluate the mechanical performance of one-part alkali AAMs in the form of mortar under lab ambient temperature in the tropical climate country of Malaysia. Drying shrinkage measurement of the mortar was also tested to give an early indication of its durability. The one-part alkali-activated mortar was composed of hybrid aluminosilicate precursors between fly ash (FA), Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) and Portland composite cement (PCC). Low alkaline activator of solid potassium carbonate used for geopolymerization process, and three types of solid admixtures added to complete the composition of the new mix design. According to the results obtained, the mechanical strength of one-part alkali-activated mortar achieved the minimum requirement for Class R3 - concrete structural repair materials as per EN1504-3 specifications. This eco-friendly cement binder has excellent potential for further engineering development, particularly to become a new concrete repair product in the future.

The paper proposes the concept of stiffening architectural objects using slender steel frames filled with “unconventional” materials - laminated glass or plexiglass. The contact of the filling with the frame along of circumference is realized by an intermediate layer of rubber, which forms a compact composite assembly, made of three materials - steel, rubber and glass / plexiglass. This specific stiffening system is integrated into the basic supporting system of the structure and is primarily intended for the reception of seismic forces. A part of the results of extensive experimental research of individual panels exposed to cyclic loading, which simulates seismic force, through different amplitudes and frequencies of loading, is presented. Thus, the bearing capacity of composite assemblies for the action of dynamic loading, which is parallel to the assembly, was checked. The intensity of stress to which composite assemblies can be exposed, the degree of stiffening of the structure in terms of expressed deformations, as well as the advantages of one type of filling in relation to another were determined. The first part of the paper briefly describes the main characteristics of glass and plexiglass, and gives a brief overview of relevant works on related topics. Then a case study and a laboratory experiment on a characteristic sample were presented. In the conclusion, the causes of different behavior of experimental samples with glass or plexiglass fillings are commented.

The use of Reinforced Concrete (RC) flat slabs is fairly frequent, especially in public buildings. Flat slabs are commonly used for structures because they have several advantages over other types (such as ribbed slabs, waffle slaps, and solid slabs) in terms of reduced storey height, construction time, cost, and aesthetic look. Because there are no beams inside a flat slab, it performs poorly under seismic loading, therefore it is vital to understand the seismic behaviour of structures with flat slabs. In this work, flat slab buildings were analysed under earthquake loads using ETABS software, with both equivalent static and dynamic methods (Modal analysis) taken into account. In this study, four different types of flat slab are analysed: Flat slab without drop and without columns heads (F), Flat slab with drop and without columns heads (FD), Flat slab without drop and with columns heads (FH) and Flat slab with drop and with columns heads (FDH). Using the earthquake map of IS: 1893(Part 1)-2016, a total of 16 models with the same height (5 storey) in different seismic zones were investigated, with zones II, III, IV, and V, and soil Type II (medium). From the results, it is clear that the flat slab with column heads (FD) and Flat slabs with both column heads and drop (FDH) building model strengthened by perimeter beams, shears walls and core system show better seismic performance than flat slab with drop FD or flat slab without drop and without heads (F) in terms of drifts and base shear.